• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Electric generator (1), of the type comprising an inductor (2) and an armature (3) with relative movement among themselves; where: - the armature (3) comprises at least one set (30) of co-planar windings (31), and the inductor (2) comprises two groups (20, 21) of inductor elements (22) for each set (30). ) of windings (31), arranged each of the groups (20, 21) on each side of each said assembly (30); - the inductor elements (22) are arranged forming fixed pairs (23) of opposite polarity facing in the direction of the axis (32) of the windings (31); y - the adjacent inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) with different polarity directed towards the windings (31) comprise a lateral separation (24) of width equal to or greater than the width of a winding (31). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2615155A1
    申请号:ES201631482
    申请日:2016-11-30
    公开日:2017-06-05
    发明作者:José Manuel ALARCÓN PLANES
    申请人:José Manuel ALARCÓN PLANES；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to an electric generator.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    10 Currently, direct current electric generators and alternating current electric generators, also called alterators, are known.
    The generators are internally composed of an inductor and an armature, there is a
    15 relative movement between them; they are rotating machines, where normally one of these parts rotates with respect to the other; There may be generators with fixed inductor (without movement) and mobile inductor, or vice versa, mobile inductor and fixed inductor (this is usually the case due to the economic advantages it presents).
    The inductor is composed of a magnet or group of magnets or electromagnets, so that they generate a magnetic field that moves with respect to the armature. The armature is made up of an electrical circuit composed of electric conductor windings, where the electromotive force will be induced thanks to the relative movement with respect to the inductor. In the normal configuration, the winding conductors are insulated by varnishing with varnish
    25 dielectric to insulate them with minimum thickness and shielding with respect to the magnetic field, and very usually they are wrapped around ferromagnetic material cores to facilitate the circulation of the magnetic flux lines inside them. The core is a set of laminated sheets of low losses and low thickness, usually of the order of 0.5 mm. stacked and isolated from each other by a thin layer of dielectric varnish, and that
    30 usually have slots in which the windings are introduced and subsequently varnished with dielectric varnish.
    The material from which the core is made has high magnetic permeability and ideally low hysteresis, and is usually made of electric steel - also called magnetic steel -, silicon steel 35, or transformer steel.
    For the generation of direct current, other electrical machines are known - such as dynamos - of similar operation, but where the rotation of the armature is used to switch through thin (electrical contacts that depend on the angular position between the
    5 rotor and stator) the current generated and that is always of the same sign at the external terminals of the generator.
    In either case the induction, by subjecting the ferromagnetic material of the core to an intense magnetic field, makes its domain tend to align in the same direction and direction as the inductive magnetic field; thus, and for example, if an iron thyme is approached by the south pole of a magnet, an attractive fuelZa will be exerted on said screw and if the north pole of the magnet is approached, it will also be exerted on the screw a force of attraction, being the same as the north pole or the south pole approaching it, so that when the north pole of the magnet approaches the screw, its end closest to the magnet is
    15 it is configured as a South pole and when the South pole of the magnet approaches, its end closest to the magnet is configured as a North pole.
    This magnetic behavior, therefore, generates pairs of attractive forces between inductor and armature that are opposed to their relative movement, and therefore to the motor torque of the apparatus that
    20 moves the generator; In addition, if the generator is producing electricity because there is a load on its output, this opposition is greater due to the electromagnet that forms the armature, or what is the same, the electromagnet of the armature is opposing the magnet or electromagnet of the inductor. This decreases the performance of the generator, which never reaches yields above 80%, and supposes an underuse of the magnets.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The generator of the invention has a configuration that manages to raise the performance above the limits of the current generators.
    The generator is of the type that comprises an inductor and an armature with relative motion to each other, the inductor being able to move and the armature being fixed or vice versa, or even moving both whenever there is relative movement between them, that is, that one moves relative to the other, and where according to the invention:
    35 - the armature comprises at least one set of coplanar windings with each other - which

    they may or may not be coiled on a core of high magnetic permeability-, and the inductor comprises two groups of inductive elements (magnets and / or electromagnets), for each set of windings, each of said groups arranged on each side of each said set of windings; -where the inductor elements are arranged forming fixed pairs of opposite polarity facing in the direction of the winding axis, understanding as fixed that each pair is always configured by the same two inductor elements, that is, which are integral, so that the The magnetic field generated between the opposite polarities of each pair of opposing inductor elements does not present losses due to flow lines that escape laterally to close with the opposite pole of the same inductor element, thus forcing all the flow generated by each pole to reach the pole opposite opposite, and when running each winding between both poles takes advantage of all the possible magnetic flux; and -where it is envisaged that there is a separation between the inducing elements of each group that tan opposite polarities directed towards the windings, to avoid or minimize lateral cross interference between flow lines that subtract the desired effect. Said lateral separation has a width equal to or greater than the width of a winding to prevent the winding itself from bridging the flow lines when passing from an inducing element to the opposite polarity and / or opposite voltages that are offset in the same winding are generated, as the winding is passing at the same time on its face or end through adjacent inductive elements of opposite polarities.
    Ideally, the windings of the armature are arranged so that their axial axes are parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, forming a winding crown, and in the same way the inductor elements will form two crowns facing both sides of the winding crown, that is, the average radius of this crown coincides with the average radius of the crowns of inductive elements.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a possible arrangement of the inductor elements in the groups of inductor elements, alternating the North polarity with the South polarity leaving the lateral separation between them. In this specific case, the inductive elements of the group comprise two rows of magnets, each row having nine North magnets and nine South magnets.
    Figure 2 shows another possible arrangement of the inductor elements in the groups of inductor elements, all being of North polarity leaving the same intermediate lateral separation. In this specific case there are two rows of magnets, each row having eighteen North magnets.
    Figure 3 shows a possible arrangement of the windings of the armature winding with four layers of windings. It can be seen how the windings have plants (plan forms) similar to those of the inducing elements of the previous figures. The number of windings is also eighteen.
    10 In Figure 4, by way of example, it is possible to observe the superposition of the windings of Figure 3 with a group of inductive elements of Figure 1. The positional coincidence between inductive and winding elements for a specific position of movement of the apparatus is observed. . It is observed that the separation between the windings (and between
    15 inductive elements of the group) is approximately coincident with the width of the inductive elements.
    Figure 4.1 shows a detail of Figure 4.
    20 Figure 5 shows a view similar to that of Figure 4, at another time where the windings are rotated an angle equal to half the angle between two adjacent inductor elements, observing how the total number of windings occupy exactly the spaces between the inducing elements.
    25 Figure 6 shows the set of previous windings, which have magnetic core cores inside, with the windings mounted and supported on a dielectric resin base.
    Figure 7 shows a view similar to that of Figure 5, but in a variant of
    30 embodiment where the number of inducing elements and the number of windings is different, generating a positional offset between them. Specifically there are seventeen windings and eighteen inductive elements. Said positional offset causes variations in the force to be done on the rotor to be reduced, since the repulsive force (in the case of windings in the air) or attraction (in the case of windings with a core of
    35 high magnetic permeability) to be produced between inductor and winding elements compensate each other at all times. The figure shows the only coincident point in the positioning between inductor and winding element for a specific moment of generator rotation.
    5 Figure 7.1 shows a detail of figure 7.
    Figure 8 shows a set of eighteen inductive elements facing
    twenty eight windings; it is appreciated that the width of the windings, the separation between
    inductive elements and the width these are approximately coincident; with this
    10 an increase in performance is expected, since the number of windings in which voltage is to be induced has increased; the two coincident positions between inductor and winding elements are also reflected in the drawing, and the offset between them outside these positions, all for a given moment.
    15 Figure 9 shows fifteen windings facing eighteen magnets; in this case and although the generator would work correctly because the separation between adjacent inductor elements is approximately coincident with the width of the coil, however the number of windings is small and therefore the capacity of obtaining generator voltage for a same number of inductor elements.
    20 Figure 10 shows a partial section of the generator in an embodiment with air windings, having two groups of inductor elements and a set of windings.
    Figure 11 shows a partial section of the generator in another embodiment, with windings with magnetic sheet cores, and two groups of inductor elements and a set of windings.
    Figure 12 shows a view similar to that of Figure 11, but in another embodiment
    30 where, taking advantage of the magnetic permeability of the core, a longer winding is arranged and therefore with more turns, which will produce higher voltage. There are also two groups of inductor elements and a set of windings.
    Figure 13 shows a view similar to the previous three, in one embodiment where there are two sets of windings facing each other their corresponding pairs of groups.
    pairs of inductive elements. In this embodiment, the two poles of the intermediate inductor elements are used.
    Figure 14 shows a partial section of the generator where you can see the
    5 opposite polarities of the inductive elements of each fixed pair; it is also observed thatthe axial axes of the windings face the polar faces of theinducing elements; this time the windings have magnetic cores.The variation in positioning or offset between elements is also observed.inductors and windings, although the inductor elements are arranged at the same
    10 distance from each other and the windings are also at the same distance between them.
    Figure 14.1 shows a detail of figure 14.
    Figure 15 shows a view similar to that of Figure 14 for an embodiment with 15 windings in the air.
    Figure 15.1 shows a detail of figure 15.
    Figure 16 shows a view similar to that of Figure 15 in a variant that will have a better performance, since the lateral magnetic fluxes between inductor elements are minimized as all the poles of each group of the same sign.
    DESCRIPTION OF A PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
    The electric generator (1) of the invention is of the type comprising (see figs 10 to 16) an inductor (2) and an armature (3) with relative motion to each other, and where: - the armature (3) comprises ( see fig 3), at least, a set (30) of windings (31) coplanar with each other, and the inductor (2) comprises two groups (20, 21) (see figs 12 to 16) of inductor elements (22) ( see figs 1 and 2) for each set (30) of windings (31), each arranged
    30 of the groups (20, 21) on each side of each said set (30); - the inductor elements (22) are arranged forming fixed pairs (23) of opposite polarity facing in the direction of the axis (32) of the windings (31) (see figs 14.1 and 15.1); And the adjacent inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) with different polarity directed towards the windings (31) comprise a lateral separation (24) of equal width
    35 greater than the width of a winding (31).

    Preferably, the lateral separation (24) between adjacent inductor elements (22) has a width equal to that of a winding (31), since if the width of the winding (31) is smaller there will be areas where voltage will not be generated for not running in the magnetic field generated between opposite poles, decreasing efficiency.
    The windings (31) And the inducing elements (22) have similar plants (equal or almost equal), since the differences also imply areas where the windings would not suffer flux variations and where therefore no induced voltage would be generated.
    In an embodiment of the invention (see figs 1, 2 and 16), in each group (20, 21) of inductor elements (22) all said inductor elements (22) have the same polarity, so that the flow variations that they generate induced voltage in the windings (31) they occur when they run between the separations (24) (areas with less flow) and the poles of the inducing elements (22) (areas with greater flow). In this case the voltage generated is always of the same sign, oscillating between a maximum and a minimum value (which can be zero). In this embodiment, therefore, we are generating continuous tension with curling.
    In another embodiment of the invention (see figs 4, 5, 14 and 15) in each group (20, 21) of inductive elements (22) some or all of the inductive elements (22) have alternate polarities, thus generating altema voltage. Better performance is expected when the polarities of the same group (20, 21) are all the same instead of alternating, since this minimizes even more the lateral magnetic fluxes between inductor elements (22) of the same group.
    Ideally, the windings (31) are arranged so that their axial axes (32) are parallel to the axis of rotation (100) (see fig. 3) of the generator (1) (of its rotor), forming at least one first crown (35) of windings (31); and the inductor elements (22) are forming second crowns paths (25) of inductor elements (22) facing both sides of each winding crown (35); therefore having the same average radius the first crowns (35) and the second crowns (25). For example, the figures show embodiments of the generator (1) where the inductor (2) comprises two second crowns (25) of inductor elements (22), for example mounted on two plates or discs (101) that configure the two groups (20, 21) of inductive elements (22), and the armature (3) comprises a first crown
    (35) of windings (31) arranged between both second crowns (25), obtaining a

    Very compact generator (1) as seen in Figures 10 to 12. Obviously several winding assemblies (31) can be arranged in parallel, flanked by pairs of groups (20, 21) of inductor elements (22), and can be shared the groups of intermediate inductor elements between the parallel winding assemblies, taking advantage of both poles of these inductor elements (22), as seen in Figure 13.
    There may also be variants regarding the coincidence between the number of inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) of the inductor (2) and the number of windings (31) of the corresponding armature (3). For example, in Figures 4 and 5 it can be seen that there are equal number of inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) of the inductor (2) and windings (31) in the armature (3), and with angular equidistance . There is also a symmetry in the positioning between windings (31) and inductive elements (22). In these embodiments, a reduction in the performance of the generator (1) is foreseen, since there are specific areas where there are greater attractions or repulsions between inductor elements (22) and windings (31) when the generator (1) rotates; These zones mainly occur when inductive elements (22) and windings (31) are faced.
    Therefore, in another variant shown in Figures 7 to 9, the number of inductor elements
    (22) of each group (20, 21) of the inductor (2) is different from the number of windings (31) of the corresponding armature (3), and both the inductor elements (22) and the windings (31) are arranged equidistant angularly to each other, so that there will be an angular offset between active elements of the inductor (2) and the armature (3) that will cause partial tractions and partial repulsions to cancel or compensate and increase performance.
    It is also provided that the windings (31) comprise, or not, a core (36) of high magnetic permeability (see figs. 12 to 14), and / or that they are arranged on a base (102) of dielectric resin (verfigs 6 , 12 and 13). When the windings (31) do not have a core (36), as in Figures 1 to 5, an induced magnetic field opposite the field generated by the inducing elements (22), and the windings (31) are produced therein. they will be affected simultaneously by the two faces of the inductor elements (22) in this way: a concrete winding (31) will be repelled from the moment of rotation in which its axis is faced with the axis of the inductor elements (22 ) (that is, with the axis of the magnetic field), continuing the movement with this impulse input until the winding axis (31) is located in the middle of the separations (24) with the

    adjacent inductive elements (22) of opposite polarity, at which point
    you will find an opposition until it aligns with said adjacent inductor elements (22). The overall calculation of repulsions and attractions is compensated in the variant of Figures 7 to 9 and decreases the mechanical force and therefore the work necessary to drive the generator (1).
    When the winding (31) has a core (36), attractions will be produced on both sides thereof with respect to the magnetic fields produced by the inductor elements (22), that is, it will be attracted to the two inductor elements (22) of each fixed torque (23) at the same time, so that in this embodiment better performance is also provided when the number of inductor elements (22) and windings (31) is different.
    On the other hand, if the windings (31) have a ferromagnetic core (36), and so that possible Foucault currents that decrease the efficiency of the apparatus are not produced on these cores, the set formed by each of the windings (31) with their respective cores (36) can be separated or moved away from the polar faces of the inductor elements (22), reducing the mechanical force that must be carried out to move the generator (1), reducing very little the magnetic field that passes through the coils due at high core permeability (36).
    Likewise, in the case of using cores (36) of high magnetic permeability, the sheets of magnetically permeable material will preferably be arranged perpendicularly to the polar faces of the inductor elements (22) as reflected for example in Figure 14 to increase the surfaces that face and achieve maximum magnetic interaction.
    The large number of turns that the windings (31) can have in the case of carrying cores (36), and the large magnetic field that can pass through the assembly due to the permeability of the cores (36) makes the generator (1) It can produce a large amount of voltage and therefore electrical energy.
    The energy is produced by the variation of the magnetic field within the surface of the windings of the windings (31), since said turns, in their path, are exposed to a greater or lesser extent to the magnetic field of the inductor elements (22) when approaching or moving away from them. The turns are forced to cross said magnetic fields, fields that are variable with the movement, being more intense in the inducing elements (22) of
    each pair (23) and less intense in the separations (24), and even the variation is greater if there are polarity changes between adjacent pairs
    The voltage generated in the device corresponds to the known formula "induced voltage5 in a loop that leaves or enters with velocity v in a region with magnetic fielduniform":
    E = I !. · L · n · v
    10 E = generated electromotive force (volts) I !. = magnetic flux in (teslas) L = length of the loop (m) n = number of turns (dimensionless) v = speed (mIs)
    (Volts) = (teslas). (m). (mis) = (teslas. m2 / s)
    In the case of using windings (31) with cores (36) of high magnetic permeability, the length of the conductors may be much greater than in the case where there are no cores (36),
    20 figures 12 and 14. This implies an increase in the number of turns subjected to induction and in the magnetic field that will cross them, obtaining a large increase in the voltage obtained.
    The generator (1), of course, can be designed with a greater number of windings (31) and 25 inductor elements (22) that move by rotating the same axis, as in Figure 13.
    Depending on the material used to make the magnetic cores, higher or lower voltage will be achieved, since they have different saturations of magnetic fields, different
    30 minimum induction values, different losses due to hysteresis and Foucault currents and, above all, different behavior at high frequencies due to the large polarity changes of the device, since for example, an inductor with 50 magnets, which are 25 North and 25 South, in the case that the disk to which the magnets are attached moves at 50 Hz, it means a frequency of 50 x 50 = 2,500 Hz.
    5 10 The immersion of the windings (31) in dielectric resin, as reflected for example in Figure 6, 11, 12 and 13, is a possibility that improves the generator (1), since it forms a block that serves to maintain the position between they contribute to its electrical insulation, its physical protection and its mechanical fixation to the rest of the device, either as a rotor or as a stator. Sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as the manner in which it is carried out in practice, it should be noted that the provisions indicated above and represented in the attached drawings are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle.
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    5 1.-Electric generator (1), of the type comprising an inductor (2) and an armature (3) with relative motion to each other; characterized in that: - the armature (3) comprises at least one set (30) of coplanar windings (31) with each other, and the inductor (2) comprises two groups (20, 21) of inductive elements (22) for each set
    (30) of windings (31), arranged each of the groups (20, 21) on each side of each saying
    10 set (30); - the inductor elements (22) are arranged forming fixed pairs (23) of opposite polarity facing in the direction of the axis (32) of the windings (31); and -the adjacent inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) with different polarity directed towards the windings (31) comprise a lateral separation (24) of equal width
    15 greater than the width of a winding (31).
    [2]
    2. Electric generator (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that the lateral separation (24) between adjacent inductor elements (22) has a width equal to that of a winding (31).
    [3]
    3. Electric generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the windings (31) and the inductor elements (22) have similar plants.
    [4]
    4. Electric generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that in each group (20, 21) of inductor elements (22) all inductor elements
    (22) have the same polarity.
    S.-Electric generator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that in each group (20, 21) of inductive elements (22) some or all of the inductive elements 30 (22) have alternating polarities.
    [6]
    6. Electric generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the windings (31) are arranged so that their axial axes (32) are parallel to the axis of rotation (1 00) of the generator (1), forming at least a first crown (35) of
    windings (31); And the inductor elements (22) are forming second paths crowns (25) of inductor elements (22) facing both sides of each first crown
    (25) of windings (31).
    5. Electric generator (1) according to claim 6 characterized in that the inductor (2)it comprises two second crowns (25) of inductive elements (22) that configure the twogroups (20, 21) of said inducing elements (22) and the induced (3) comprises a firstcrown (35) of windings (31) arranged between both second crowns (25).
    10. Electric generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the number of inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) of the inductor (2) is equal to the number of windings (31) of the armature (31). 3) corresponding, and both inductor elements
    (22) as the windings (31) are angularly arranged equidistant from each other.
    Electric generator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of inductor elements (22) of each group (20, 21) of the inductor (2) is different from the number of windings (31) of the induced (3) corresponding, and both inductive elements
    (22) as the windings (31) are angularly arranged equidistant from each other.
    Electrical generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the windings (31) comprise a core (36) of high magnetic permeability.
    [11]
    11.-Electric generator (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the windings (31) are arranged on a base (102) of dielectric resin.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2615155B1|2018-04-10|
    ES2615155A9|2018-04-18|
    引用文献:
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    US20110309694A1|2009-02-13|2011-12-22|Isis Innovation Ltd|Electric machine- flux|
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